Evaluación de la citotoxicidad de extractos marinos sobre un panel de líneas celulares / Evaluation of cytotoxicity of different marine extracts in a cell line panel

Introducción: los extractos naturales provenientes de fuentes marinas representan una importante fuente en el descubrimiento de nuevos compuestos con potencialidades como anticarcinogénicos. Objetivos: determinar el efecto de cinco extractos provenientes de diferentes organismos marinos sobre la viabilidad de un panel de cinco líneas celulares (A549, HEp-2, MDA-MB-231, SiHa y MRC-5). Metodos: el efecto de los extractos (Physalia physali, Cassiopea xamachana, Tripneustes ventricosus, Echinometra lucunter) se determinó mediante el ensayo colorimétrico con el empleo de bromuro de 3(4,5 dimetil-2-tiazoil)-2,5-difeniltetrazolio. Mediante de RT-PCR se determinó adicionalmente el efecto del extracto de Echinometra lucunter sobre la expresión de los genes apoptóticos p53, survivin, bcl-xL y noxa en SiHa. Resultados: todos los extractos afectaron la viabilidad celular de la línea normal MRC-5 de pulmón humano. Sin embargo, no disminuyeron la viabilidad de las líneas celulares de origen tumoral con excepción del extracto de Echinometra lucunter. Este extracto solo afectó la viabilidad de la línea celular tumoral SiHa. Los valores de las concentraciones inhibitorias medias (CI50) mostraron que solo para el extracto de Echinometra lucunter, la línea celular tumoral SiHa evidenció una CI50 de 52,07±11 µg/mL que es significativamente inferior a MRC-5 con una CI50 de 98,6±14 µg/mL, por lo que se muestra selectividad frente a las células tumorales. Adicionalmente, el extracto disminuyó significativamente la expresión de los genes proapoptóticos lo que sugiere la muerte celular por necrosis en las células SiHa. Conclusiones: el extracto proveniente de Echinometra lucunter resultó selectivo frente a las células tumorales SiHa. Experimentos que incluyan otras líneas celulares de cáncer cérvicouterino podrían confirmar el potencial de este extracto frente a esta variedad histológica de cáncer(AU)

Introduction: natural extracts from marine sources represent an important source for the discovery of new compounds with anti-carcinogenic potentialities. Objectives: to determine the effect of five extracts from several marine organisms pm the viability of a panel of five cell lines (A549, HEp-2, MDA-MB-231, SiHa y MRC-5). Methods: the effects of the extracts (Physalia physali, Cassiopea xamachana, Tripneustes ventricosus, Echinometra lucunter) were then determined by using the colorimetric assay with 3 (4,5 dimethyl-2-tiazoil)/2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromide. Additionally, the effect of extract of Echinometra lucunter was determined on the expression of apoptotic genes p53, survivin, bcl-xL and noxa in SiHa. Results: all the extracts affected the cell viability of the normal cell line MRC-5 of the human lung. However, viability of tumoral cell lines did not decrease except for the extract from Echinometra lucunter. This extract just affected the viability of tumor cell line SiHa. The mean inhibitory concentrations (IC50) showed that only for Echinometra lucunter extract, the tumor cell line SiHa revealed a IC50 of 52,07±11 µg/mL that is significantly lower than that of MRC-5 with IC50 of 98,6±14 µg/mL, therefore the selectivity against the tumor cells was shown. Moreover, the extract markedly decreased the expression of propapoptosis genes, thus indicating the cell death from necrosis in SIHa cells. Conclusions: extract from Echinometra lucunter was selective against tumor cells SiHa. Other experiments that will include other cervix uterine cancer cell lines can confirm the potential of this extract to have an effect on this histological cancer type(AU)

Actividad antileishmanial de seis extractos de organismos marinos / Antileishmanial activity of six extracts from marine organisms

Introducción: las infecciones causadas por protozoos del género Leishmania constituyen un problema de salud mundial con una alta prevalencia en países subdesarrollados. En la actualidad no existe una vacuna contra esta enfermedad y el tratamiento utilizado es deficiente, por lo que la búsqueda de medicamentos más efectivos y seguros constituye una urgente necesidad. Objetivo: evaluar la actividad antileishmanial in vitro de 6 extractos acuosos e hidroalcohólicos de organismos marinos. Métodos: se determinó la actividad frente a promastigotes y amastigotes de Leishmania amazonensis, así como su toxicidad frente a macrófagos peritoneales de ratones BALB/c. Resultados: en el ensayo de promastigotes los extractos de Bryothamnion triquetrum, Bunodosoma granulifera, Halimeda opuntia, y Physalia physalis mostraron una inhibición del crecimiento a concentraciones menores de 100 µg/mL; mientras que frente a amastigotes, estos 2 últimos extractos fueron los más activos y menos tóxicos con un índice de selectividad de 6 y 8, respectivamente. Conclusiones: teniendo en cuenta estos resultados se consideró que los extractos de H. opuntia y P. physalis mostraron una promisoria actividad, por lo que se sugiere continuar los estudios de su actividad in vivo.

Introduction: infections caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania are a global health problem with a high prevalence in underdeveloped countries. There is no vaccine against this disease at present and the treatment used is poor, so the search for more effective and safe medicines is an urgent need. Objective: to assess the in vitro antileishmanial activity of six aqueous and hydroalcohol extracts from marine organisms. Methods: the activity of six extracts against Leishmania amazonensis promastigots and amastigots as well as their toxicity against peritoneal macrophages in BALB/c mice. Results: in the promastigot assay, the extracts from Bryothamnion triquetrum, Bunodosoma granulifera, Halimeda opuntia and Physalia physalis showed growth inhibition at concentrations lower than 100 µg/mL whereas in amastigots, these last two extracts were the most active and least toxic with a selectivity index of 6 and 8 respectively. Conclusions: taking these results into account, it was considered that the H. opuntia and P. physalis extracts showed a promising activity, so it is suggested that further studies on its in vivo activity be conducted.

Effect of marine extracts on the microbial pathogens causing flacherie in the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L

Objective: Silkworms are invertebrate animals that are killed by bacteria pathogenic against humans, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholera. Biochemical characterization of the microbes in the haemolymph of diseased silkworm collected during the survey indicated the presence of Bacillus sp., Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. in the culture. Methods: Studies were carried out in vitro to assess the efficacy of some marine extracts for the containment of these microbes through turbidimetry analysis and zone of inhibition test. Results: The observations made during this study revealed that the ethyl acetate crude extracts of two marine samples are Auroraglobostellata and Spirostella inconstans var. moendrina Dendy effective against these microbes causing flacherie diseases in silkworm. The comparison of their effects indicated that ethyl acetate extracts were generally more effective Extensive studies using these extracts on the growth and cocoon production of the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L. are likely to throw much light on the possibility of using such extracts as a prophylactic measure during silkworm rearing to improve silk production. Conclusions: Also, the results indicate that maybe plays a possible role in the contamination of humans and animals, in particular silkworms, while marine extracts showed a potential to control the contamination caused by bacterial diseases.